April 4 Word of the Day: Deadly
“DEADLY. This and ‘mortal’ are often synonymes
now; thus, ‘a deadly wound’ or ‘a mortal wound’: but they are not
invariably so; ‘deadly’ being always active, while ‘mortal’ is often passive,
and signifying not that which inflicts death, but that which suffers death;
thus, ‘a mortal body’, or body subject to death, but not now ‘a deadly
body.’” Thus, Richard Chenevix Trench in his ‘A select glossary of English
words used formerly in senses different from their present’ Second edition,
revised and improved (London, Parker, 1859). To what extent Trench’s Victorian
senses of the word have any relationship to the contemporary Australian
Indigenous use of ‘deadly’ is wide open to discussion. ‘Deadly’ here is a term
of highest praise: excellent, great, fantastic, cool, awesome. Emerging in the
seventies, such is its widespread use that by the nineties national awards were
initiated for excellence in music, sport, entertainment, and community achievement
among Indigenous Australians called, very straightforwardly, the Deadly Awards.
Theories for the emergence of this present sense of ‘deadly’ are based as much
on guesswork and circumstance as empirical evidence. That the adjective
is used in Ireland in similar positive ways is one thing, while the OED tells
us that ‘deadly’ used in the English colloquial sense of extremely or excessively
dates from at least the 16th century. It’s worth keeping in mind the
sense, too, of anything about which there can be no argument at all, like death
itself: to stamp anything as ‘deadly’ is to say that that’s the final word. At which
stage a word turns from slang into common speech is a perennial question of
vocabulary. Its use in this awesome sense may and in fact does differ in
meaning and cultural value in the Irish, English, and Australian contexts. The
word ‘deadly’ for First Nations Australians will have significances all their
own, and within the reality of the fatal impact. Trench continues: “It was
otherwise once. ‘Deadly’ is the constant word in Wiclif’s Bible, wherever in
the later versions ‘mortal’ occurs,” then he quotes, “Elye was a deedli man lyk
us, and in preier he preiede that it schulde not reyne on the erthe, and it
reynede not three yeeris and sixe monethis. Jam. V. 17. Wiclif.” In the Letter
of James, Elijah is presented as a ‘deadly man’, which is to say mortal just like
us, but that through prayer we like him can do things that are not only good,
excellent, cool, but even awesome. Any body at all.


